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English Lessons>Everyday English>English Grammar Study Table for Polish Speakers

English Course for Native Polish Speakers,
Common English Grammar Problems

Free Online Grammar Lessons: Concentrate on your common mistakes here.
Study, practise and produce your own examples. You will need one of these books:

Essential Grammar in Use by Raymond Murphy for Elementary/Pre-Intermediate Levels -Red Book Cambridge University Press, or

Essential Grammar in Use by Raymond Murphy for Intermediate/Upper-Intermediate Levels-Blue Book Cambridge University Press

Click on Study Book in the table in order to know what units to study very well.

Everything in this table is very important for Polish students and others. Practise, Practise, Practise!
Grammar TopicGrammar Problem Correct Examples Study Material
Articles

Very, very important!
Use and non-use of articles I have a dog.

The computer isn’t working.

I like chocolate.

Study Book

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Time, tense and aspect:

1. Past







2. Present
 



3. Future
 
 

Present Perfect Very important! 

Past Continuous
 

Past Perfect  
 

She still hasn’t come. I've seen that film.

I was watching TV when you rang.

I had never seen her before.  
 

Study Book

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Study Book
Study Book    

Present Cont.

Present Simple 
They are working now.

She lives here. 

Study Book
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Study Book  
 “Going to” or “Will” 

Present Cont. with future meaning

Future time clauses

Future Perfect  
 The film will end in ten minutes.

I’m meeting her tomorrow.


When I get
there, I will phone you.
He will have come back by Monday. 
Study Book


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Study Book

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Word Order: Very, very important! Verbs 



Adverbs  
This is the house where my friends live.
The question that the teacher asked was easy.

I speak Polish well.
I don’t often go to the cinema. 

Study Book



Study Book
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 Adjectives    I live in an old, green, detached house.  Study Book  
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 Final Prepositions   What are you looking at?
Where are you from

Study Book   
 Indirect Questions Tell me how he is.
He asked how you do it. 

Study Book  
Questions and Negatives Auxiliary Verbs Does she live here?

He doesn’t know him. 

Study Book  
Very, very important!
Question Tags, Short Answers   Positive or  Negative? You speak French, don’t you?  Yes, I do. Study Book  
“It” , “There” as subjects There or it? It is cold today.
It’s
already getting dark. There is a table in my room. 

Study Book
Very, very important!
Modal Verbs Modal Auxiliaries, must, need to, needn’t etc.

I have to go.
He needn't come. 

Study Book
Very, very important!
Conditionals The 1st conditional, Mixed conditionals If I pass, I will celebrate.
If I had listened, I would be rich today. 

Study Book

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The Passive Voice   The continuous passive,

Adjectives.
It is being done now.
I was born in 1980.

I am interested in music. 

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Reported Speech Said or Told?


Reporting Verbs
He told me that you are busy.
He said that you are busy.
He realised she didn’t know about it. 

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Singular/Plural Nouns, a half are, a lot  are……. He has sixty sheep.
I love that woman. 

Study Book
Very, very important!
Countable or Uncountable   Nouns like money, news, advice, furniture, door…… 

I would like some more rice.
Where are my pencils?
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Adjectives and Adverbs Which will I use? It looks beautiful.
She sings beautifully.
Give me the red one, please. 

Study Book

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Adjectives with Prepositions What preposition is correct? I am aware of that.
She is related to them.

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Comparatives and Superlatives Which one will I use? This is better than that.
That is the worst film I’ve seen. 

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Pronouns: Personal Pronouns

Possessive Pronouns

Reflexive Pronouns
I can’t see him. 

I have to do my homework.  

I looked at myself in the mirror. 

Study Book

Very, very important!
Quantifiers Many, much, few, a few, a lot, lots, any, some…………. Did you buy much food?

Have you many friends?

He has lots of friends. 

Study Book

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Relative Pronouns/ Clauses Which, who, that or none of these. The man who lives there is a policeman.
This is all that I need. 

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Infinitive or Gerund “to do something” or “doing something”? I enjoy dancing.

He should stop smoking.

He denied stealing the car.

 
Study Book

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Very, very important!
Irregular Verbs and Past Participles Forget, forgot, forgotten, Bite, bit, bitten, Drive, drove, driven I held her hand all evening.

I have hidden the photos.

I was chosen by the teacher. 

Study Book

Learn 3-5 verbs everyday!
Prepositions On, in, at, since, for, no preposition…………... With a Preposition:

at work/school/university
at the party/concert
at Christmas/Easter
at the bottom/top
Sit at the table.
On TV/radio
I was there for ten days
See you in ten days.
That is typical of him.
I am better/bigger than you.
He is angry at her.
He married to her.
I arrived in Dublin today.
in front of the museum. an exam in mathematics.
good/bad at mathematics.
It is made of wood.
It was discussed among the students.
I listen to music everyday.
Explain to me why you . . .
Repeat to me why you .

No Preposition:

I have to go home
He is at home
Let’s discuss this later
I can’t believe this
I can’t ride a bicycle
I’ve never climbed a tree
I left school last year.
I am doing it next week.
Study Book

Very, very important! 

Learn 3 everyday! 
Verbs with Prepositions Listen to, speak to, think of, wait for, look at…… I forget to thank him for the gift. It belongs to her.  Study Book
Learn 3-5 verbs every day!
Phrasal Verbs Very important! Eat out, go out, fall off, fall out, make up, chill out, get round………

I got on the bus. I got off the train. I got into the car.  Study Book

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For teachers of Polish ESL students: Polish, unlike English, is a highly inflected language, so has a much freer word order. Nouns for example have grammatical number, gender (masc. fem. & neuter), and seven cases, shown by changes in form. Adjectives conform to the gender, number and case of the noun in question. Each verb governs a particular case, and is usually either perfective (past & future), or imperfective (present, past & future). Time and tense are usually perceived as one. Polish uses the passive much less than in English, has no phrasal verbs, primary or modal auxiliary verbs, and no perfect or progressive forms. There are also no articles in Polish. Knowing all of the above should help you to approach your students' grammar problems in a more understanding manner.
 
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