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GOVERNANCE OF PARA-SPORTS AND DISABILITY RIGHTS IN ATHLETICS

This article discusses governance, rights, and policy developments in para-sports and athletics for people with disabilities. It examines global and national frameworks, historical background, current governance structures, disability rights in athletics, laws relevant to para-sports, recent developments, and conclusions about how to improve inclusion and opportunity.

Para-sports are a powerful way to promote equality and inclusion for athletes with disabilities. It began after World War II with the 1948 Stoke Mandeville Games, organized by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, which led to the Paralympic Games in 1960 and the global para-sports movement. International agreements like the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) help protect rights and push for equal participation in sports.

Despite progress, athletes with disabilities face challenges such as funding gaps, access to training facilities, fair classification, and stigma. Ongoing efforts aim to improve support, raise awareness, and ensure rights and opportunities are available to all para-athletes.—

Goals include ensuring equal opportunity in competitive sports and promoting inclusion in all areas of life through international and national policies.

The para-sports movement began after World War II as sport was recognized as essential for recovery of injured soldiers. Sir Ludwig Guttmann started the Stoke Mandeville Games in 1948, which became the foundation of modern para-sports. The event grew to international status, culminating in the Paralympic Games, first officially held in 1960 in Rome. The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) was formed in 1989 to coordinate and enhance fair competition and visibility.

Indian para-athletes have made significant progress with better policies, awareness, and international exposure. The 2004 Athens Paralympics marked India’s first Paralympic medal, and athletes like Deepa Malik and Mariappan Thangavelu have achieved notable success on the world stage. Government programmes such as the Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS) and other initiatives provide financial aid, training, and resources to para-athletes. Despite improvements, challenges remain, and continued support is essential for sustained growth.

Governance relies on multiple organizations to create opportunities for para-athletes. The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) manages the Paralympic Games and advocates for resources and fair competition. National Governing Bodies (NGBs) organize para-sports at the national level and coordinate with the IPC. The IPC collaborates with organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to promote sport and ensure smooth operations.

Ongoing challenges include accessibility, funding, and fair classifications, which require continued cooperation among stakeholders.

The legal framework aims to give athletes with disabilities the same opportunities as others. International agreements such as the CRPD and national laws (e.g., the ADA and Equality Act) support accessibility, fair classification, and inclusive facilities. Accessible venues, fair competition, proper coaching, healthcare, physiotherapy, mental health support, and financial assistance collectively help para-athletes train and compete at high levels while inspiring others.

In India, laws and policies ensure equal opportunities for athletes with disabilities. Key provisions include the Constitution of India, Articles 14, 15, and 21, and laws such as the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (RPWD Act). The National Sports Policy and related initiatives support talent development and funding through agencies like the Sports Authority of India (SAI) and the Paralympic Committee of India (PCI).

Additional measures cover building codes and accessibility guidelines to ensure public sports facilities are accessible. Various government notices and policies reinforce…